1. Getting Started

• Setting Up Your Programming Environment
  • Python 2 and Python 3
  • Running Snippets of Python Code
  • Hello World!
• Python on Different Operating Systems
• Troubleshooting Installation Issues
• Running Python Programs from a Terminal

2. Variables and Simple Data Types

• What Really Happens When You Run hello_world.py
• Variables
  • Naming and Using Variables
  • Avoiding Name Errors When Using Variables
• Strings
  • Changing Case in a String with Methods
  • Combining or Concatenating Strings
  • Adding Whitespace to Strings with Tabs or Newlines
  • Stripping Whitespace
  • Avoiding Syntax Errors with Strings
  • Printing in Python 2
• Numbers
  • Integers
  • Floats
  • Avoiding Type Errors with the str() Function
  • Integers in Python 2
• Comments
  • How Do You Write Comments?
  • What Kind of Comments Should You Write?
• The Zen of Python

3 Introducing Lists

• What Is a List?
  • Accessing Elements in a List
  • Index Positions Start at 0, Not 1
  • Using Individual Values from a List
• Changing, Adding, and Removing Elements
  • Modifying Elements in a List
  • Adding Elements to a List
  • Removing Elements from a List
• Organizing a List
  • Sorting a List Permanently with the sort() Method
  • Sorting a List Temporarily with the sorted() Function
  • Printing a List in Reverse Order
  • Finding the Length of a List
• Avoiding Index Errors When Working with Lists

4. Working with Lists

• Looping Through an Entire List
  • A Closer Look at Looping
  • Doing More Work Within a for Loop
  • Doing Something After a for Loop
• Avoiding Indentation Errors
  • Forgetting to Indent
  • Forgetting to Indent Additional Lines
  • Indenting Unnecessarily
  • Indenting Unnecessarily After the Loop
  • Forgetting the Colon
• Making Numerical Lists
  • Using the range() Function
  • Using range() to Make a List of Numbers
  • Simple Statistics with a List of Numbers
  • List Comprehensions
• Working with Part of a List
• Slicing a List
• Looping Through a Slice
• Copying a List
• Tuples
• Defining a Tuple
• Looping Through All Values in a Tuple
• Writing over a Tuple
• Styling Your Code
• The Style Guide
• Indentation
• Line Length
• Blank Lines
• Other Style Guidelines

5. if Statements

• A Simple Example
  • Conditional Tests
  • Checking for Equality
  • Ignoring Case When Checking for Equality
  • Checking for Inequality
  • Numerical Comparisons
  • Checking Multiple Conditions
  • Checking Whether a Value Is in a List
  • Checking Whether a Value Is Not in a List
  • Boolean Expressions
• if Statements
  • Simple if Statements
  • if-else Statements
  • The if -elif -else Chain
  • Using Multiple elif Blocks
  • Omitting the else Block
  • Testing Multiple Conditions
• Using if Statements with Lists
  • Checking for Special Items
  • Checking That a List Is Not Empty
  • Using Multiple Lists
• Styling Your if Statements

6. Dictionaries

• A Simple Dictionary
• Working with Dictionaries
  • Accessing Values in a Dictionary
  • Adding New Key-Value Pairs
  • Starting with an Empty Dictionary
  • Modifying Values in a Dictionary
  • Removing Key-Value Pairs
  • A Dictionary of Similar Objects
• Looping Through a Dictionary
  • Looping Through All Key-Value Pairs
  • Looping Through All the Keys in a Dictionary
  • Looping Through a Dictionary’s Keys in Order
  • Looping Through All Values in a Dictionary
• Nesting
  • A List of Dictionaries
  • A List in a Dictionary
  • A Dictionary in a Dictionary

7. User Input and while Loops

• How the input() Function Works
  • Writing Clear Prompts
  • Using int() to Accept Numerical Input
  • The Modulo Operator
  • Accepting Input in Python 2.7
• Introducing while Loops
  • The while Loop in Action
  • Letting the User Choose When to Quit
  • Using a Flag
  • Using break to Exit a Loop
  • Using continue in a Loop
  • Avoiding Infinite Loops
• Using a while Loop with Lists and Dictionaries
  • Moving Items from One List to Another
  • Removing All Instances of Specific Values from a List
  • Filling a Dictionary with User Input

8. Functions

• Defining a Function
  • Passing Information to a Function
  • Arguments and Parameters
• Passing Arguments
  • Positional Arguments
  • Keyword Arguments
  • Default Values
  • Equivalent Function Calls
  • Avoiding Argument Errors
• Return Values
  • Returning a Simple Value
  • Making an Argument Optional
  • Returning a Dictionary
  • Using a Function with a while Loop
• Passing a List
  • Modifying a List in a Function
  • Preventing a Function from Modifying a List

9. Classes

• Creating and Using a Class
  • Creating the Dog Class
  • Making an Instance from a Class
• Working with Classes and Instances
  • The Car Class
  • Setting a Default Value for an Attribute
  • Modifying Attribute Values
• Inheritance
  • The __init__() Method for a Child Class
  • Inheritance in Python 2.7
  • Defining Attributes and Methods for the Child Class
  • Overriding Methods from the Parent Class
  • Instances as Attributes
  • Modeling Real-World Objects
• Importing Classes
  • Importing a Single Class
  • Storing Multiple Classes in a Modul
  • Importing Multiple Classes from a Module
  • Importing an Entire Module
  • Importing All Classes from a Module
  • Importing a Module into a Module
  • Finding Your Own Workflow
• The Python Standard Library
• Styling Classes

10. Files and Exceptions

• Reading from a File
  • Reading an Entire File
  • File Paths
  • Reading Line by Line
  • Making a List of Lines from a File
  • Working with a File’s Contents
  • Large Files: One Million Digits
  • Is Your Birthday Contained in Pi?
• Writing to a File
  • Writing to an Empty File
  • Writing Multiple Lines
  • Appending to a File
• Exceptions
  • Handling the ZeroDivisionError Exception
  • Using try-except Blocks
  • Using Exceptions to Prevent Crashes
  • The else Block
  • Handling the FileNotFoundError Exception
  • Analyzing Text
  • Working with Multiple Files
  • Failing Silently
  • Deciding Which Errors to Report
• Storing Data
  • Using json.dump() and .load()
  • Saving and Reading User-Generated Data
  • Refactoring

11. Testing Your Code

• Testing a Function
  • Unit Tests and Test Cases
  • A Passing Test
  • A Failing Test
  • Responding to a Failed Test
  • Adding New Tests
• Testing a Class
  • A Variety of Assert Methods
  • A Class to Test
  • Testing the AnonymousSurvey Class
  • The setUp() Method

  Project 2: Data Visualization
  4.Generating Data

  • Installing matplotlib
    • On Linux
    • On OS X
    • On Windows
    • Testing matplotlib
    • The matplotlib Gallery
  • Plotting a Simple Line Graph
    • Changing the Label Type and Graph Thickness
    • Correcting the Plot
    • Plotting and Styling Individual Points with scatter()
    • Plotting a Series of Points with scatter()
    • Calculating Data Automatically
    • Removing Outlines from Data Points
    • Defining Custom Colors
    • Using a Colormap
    • Saving Your Plots Automatically
  • Random Walks
    • Creating the RandomWalk() Class
    • Choosing Directions
    • Plotting the Random Walk
    • Generating Multiple Random Walks
    • Styling the Walk
    • Coloring the Points
    • Plotting the Starting and Ending Points
    • Cleaning Up the Axes
    • Adding Plot Points
    • Altering the Size to Fill the Screen
  • Rolling Dice with Pygal
    • Installing Pygal
    • The Pygal Gallery
    • Creating the Die Class
    • Rolling the Die
    • Analyzing the Results
    • Making a Histogram
    • Rolling Two Dice
    • Rolling Dice of Different Sizes

  
  5.Downloading Data

  • The CSV File Format
    • Parsing the CSV File Headers
    • Printing the Headers and Their Positions
    • Extracting and Reading Data
    • Plotting Data in a Temperature Chart
    • The datetime Module
    • Plotting Dates
    • Plotting a Longer Timeframe
    • Plotting a Second Data Series
    • Shading an Area in the Chart
    • Error-Checking
  • Mapping Global Data Sets: JSON Format
    • Downloading World Population Data
    • Extracting Relevant Data
    • Converting Strings into Numerical Values
    • Obtaining Two-Digit Country Codes
    • Building a World Map
    • Plotting Numerical Data on a World Map
    • Plotting a Complete Population Map
    • Grouping Countries by Population
    • Styling World Maps in Pygal
    • Lightening the Color Theme

  
  6.Working with APIs

  • Using a Web API
    • Git and GitHub
    • Requesting Data Using an API Call
    • Installing Requests
    • Processing an API Response
    • Working with the Response Dictionary
    • Summarizing the Top Repositories
    • Monitoring API Rate Limits
  • Visualizing Repositories Using Pygal
    • Refining Pygal Charts
    • Adding Custom Tooltips
    • Plotting the Data
    • Adding Clickable Links to Our Graph
  • The Hacker News API